Distribution of Benefits and Adoption of Bt Cotton in Pakistan: Ex-ante Analysis

This poster presents the potential impact of Bt cotton adoption in Pakistan. The size and distribution of economic benefits from the commercial adoption of Bt cotton in Pakistan are examined under four hypothetical scenarios. The adjusted economic surplus model is used to measure total benefits and their distribution between producers, consumers and technology innovators. To account for uncertainty in key parameters, the stochastic simulation techniques is applied. The results show that the total net benefits of adopting Bt cotton in Pakistan are large. As a result of increase in production, farmers get considerable benefits despite a decline in price. The share of benefits to innovators is small. The results indicate that the total cost of adopting latest Bt technology to the government of Pakistan is less than the benefits that farmers and consumers of all cotton-textile chain can receive. This is true even if the decline in pesticide expenditure and increase in yield are not very large.Bt cotton, economic surplus model, Pakistan, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Economic Performance of Bt Cotton Varieties in Pakistan

Farmers in Pakistan have been growing cotton that contains the first generation of Bt gene since 2002. The cultivation of these varieties, although formally unapproved and unregulated, increased rapidly after 2005. In 2007, nearly 60 percent of the cotton area was under BT varieties. This paper examines the economic performance of Bt cotton in Pakistan based on data collected through a structured questionnaire survey in January-February 2009 in two districts (Bahawalpur and Mirpur Khas). The extent of the impact of Bt cotton on costs of production and yield gains are different across the two districts with their diverse agro-climatic conditions and pest pressures. Seed expenditures increase in both districts, but a decline in the number of bollworm sprays and hence in the expenditure for pesticides is observed and total pesticide control costs (for bollworms and non bollworm pests) declines in both districts. Total production costs decline in Bahawalpur but rise in Mirpur Khas. The yield increases are higher in Mirpur Khas as well, resulting in total revenue and gross margins improving more than in Bahawalpur. The results are similar to other studies of Bt cotton in India and suggest gains for Pakistan from progressing to a regulated national market for Bt cotton technologies.Bt cotton, economic performance, Pakistan, Bahawalpur, Mirpur Khas, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Normalization of the covariant three-body bound state vertex function

The normalization condition for the relativistic three nucleon Bethe-Salpeter and Gross bound state vertex functions is derived, for the first time, directly from the three body wave equations. It is also shown that the relativistic normalization condition for the two body Gross bound state vertex function is identical to the requirement that the bound state charge be conserved, proving that charge is automatically conserved by this equation.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, published version, minor typos correcte

Neutrino-Oxygen CC0π\pi scattering in the SuSAv2-MEC model

We present the predictions of the SuSAv2-MEC model for the double differential charged-current muonic neutrino (antineutrino) cross section on water for the T2K neutrino (antineutrino) beam. We validate our model by comparing with the available inclusive electron scattering data on oxygen and compare our predictions with the recent T2K $\nu_\mu$-$^{16}$O data, finding good agreement at all kinematics. We show that the results are very similar to those obtained for $\nu_\mu-^{12}$C scattering, except at low energies, and we comment on the origin of this difference. A factorized spectral function model of $^{16}$O is also included for purposes of comparison.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, JLAB-THY-17-2586. Version 2 accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G: Nucl. Part. Phy

La relación médico-paciente, desde la perspectiva del paciente

Partiendo de la sociología de la salud, el siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo reconstruir la relación medico-paciente desde las experiencias y percepciones del paciente en el contexto hospitalario. Cabe aclarar que este trabajo nació de un ejercicio propuesto en el marco de una materia, por ello los datos provienen de las primeras 4 entrevistas en profundidad y las primeras 4 observaciones realizadas en el 2010 en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín. El uso combinado de las técnicas de recolección nos permitió empezar a explorar el punto de vista de los pacientes, mientras comenzamos a vislumbrar las relaciones e interacciones en la dinámica hospitalaria. Elegimos este hospital porque los pacientes construyen significados relacionados con atenderse en esa institución por pertenecer a la UBA y por el nivel de "excelencia" de los médicos que ayudan a entender el tipo de relación que los actores crean. Por lo tanto, intentaremos mostrar por un lado como se construyen los roles del médico y del paciente en la interacción hospitalaria, y, por otro lado, la relación de confianza que se desarrolla entre ellos, denominada "Weggenossenschaft" (compañerismo itinerante), para referirnos al vinculo afectivo desarrollado por las experiencias y percepciones que devienen, sobre todo, de una situación satisfactoria de atención. Al mismo tiempo, en contraposición a esta relación el paciente mantiene relaciones con otros actores hospitalarios.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Función de ajuste de la atenuación de una señal de microondas para estimar el contenido de humedad de suelos

p.203-206Se aplicó un modelo de regresión múltiple sobre la base de mediciones de contenido de humedad realizadas a partir de la atenuación de una señal de microondas en suelos de distintas texturas y contenido hídrico. Del análisis de la función de ajuste, surge que los porcentajes de arena y materia orgánica no son factores relevantes. A partir de estas conclusiones se elaboró un diseño experimental factorial con tres factores (humedad, porcentajes de arcilla y limo) y dos niveles. De esta forma se redujo el número de pruebas y se realizó un estudio de las interacciones. Se compararon los resultados de ambos métodos para distintos valores de humedad y textura. Se observó buena correspondencia en el campo del diseño experimental

Marketing: una aproximación sociológica a la compleja relación entre prácticas empresariales y ciencias sociales

La empresa de este artículo será entonces la de proponer ejes análisis que se consideran significativos para comenzar a construir al objeto de estudio “marketing” en tanto complejo disciplinar, discursivo y práctico relevante para la sociología. En general, se buscará evidenciar la importancia de este objeto de estudio para la sociología, dadas las conexiones que se plantean entre (varias de) las prácticas del marketing y nuestra disciplina, tanto a nivel temático como a nivel metodológico. En el marco de esta actividad, se recabó información de diversas características; entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a actores de la escena del marketing local, como también a consultores de investigación de mercado; material bibliográfico de dicha disciplina, discusiones en foros de marketing, revistas de marketing nacionales e internacionales, materiales publicados en ámbitos e instituciones que nuclean la actividad en nuestro país, relevamiento de archivos audiovisuales, etc.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

First measurement of the spectral function at high energy and momentum in medium-heavy nuclei

The experiment E97-006 was performed at Jefferson Lab to measure the momentum and energy distribution of protons in the nucleus far from the region of the (approximate) validity of the mean field description, i.e. at high momentum and energies. The occurrence of this strength is long known from occupation numbers less than one. In the experiment reported here this strength was directly measured for the first time. The results are compared to modern many-body theories. Further the transparency factor of C12 was determined in the Q^2-region of 0.6 to 1.8 (GeV/c)^2.Comment: Proceeding for Fourth International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region 26.-29. Sept. 2005, Okayam

Maximum rectilinear convex subsets

Let P be a set of n points in the plane. We consider a variation of the classical Erdos-Szekeres problem, presenting efficient algorithms with (formula presented) running time and (formula presented) space complexity that compute: (1) A subset S of P such that the boundary of the rectilinear convex hull of S has the maximum number of points from P, (2) a subset S of P such that the boundary of the rectilinear convex hull of S has the maximum number of points from P and its interior contains no element of P, (3) a subset S of P such that the rectilinear convex hull of S has maximum area and its interior contains no element of P, and (4) when each point of P is assigned a weight, positive or negative, a subset S of P that maximizes the total weight of the points in the rectilinear convex hull of S

Maximum rectilinear convex subsets

Let P be a set of n points in the plane. We consider a variation of the classical Erd\H os-Szekeres problem, presenting efficient algorithms with O(n3) running time and O(n2) space complexity that compute (1) a subset S of P such that the boundary of the rectilinear convex hull of S has the maximum number of points from P, (2) a subset S of P such that the boundary of the rectilinear convex hull of S has the maximum number of points from P and its interior contains no element of P, (3) a subset S of P such that the rectilinear convex hull of S has maximum area and its interior contains no element of P, and (4) when each point of P is assigned a weight, positive or negative, a subset S of P that maximizes the total weight of the points in the rectilinear convex hull of S. We also revisit the problems of computing a maximum area orthoconvex polygon and computing a maximum area staircase polygon, amidst a point set in a rectangular domain. We obtain new and simpler algorithms to solve both problems with the same complexity as in the state of the art